How is glaucoma treated?

Glaucoma treatment focuses on lowering eye pressure to stop or slow the progression of optic nerve damage. The goal is to preserve vision. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of glaucoma, how much vision loss has occurred, and how well your eyes respond to treatment.

Treatment Options

Medications (Eye Drops)

Prescription eye drops are usually the first line of treatment. They work by either decreasing fluid production in the eye or improving fluid drainage. Common types include:

• Prostaglandin analogs (most commonly prescribed)
• Beta-blockers
• Alpha-adrenergic agonists
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

You may need to use drops in one or both eyes, once or several times daily, depending on your prescription.

Oral Medications

If eye drops alone don't sufficiently lower your eye pressure, your doctor may prescribe oral medications to supplement them.

Laser Treatment

Several laser procedures can help lower eye pressure:

• Laser Trabeculoplasty: Opens up drainage channels
• Laser Peripheral Iridotomy: Creates a small opening in the iris to prevent angle-closure
• Cyclophotocoagulation: Reduces fluid production

Surgery

If medications and laser treatment don't adequately lower eye pressure, conventional surgery may be recommended:

• Trabeculectomy: Creates a new drainage channel for fluid
• Tube Shunt Surgery: Places a small device to drain fluid

Success and Outlook

With early detection and proper treatment, most people with glaucoma maintain good vision and quality of life. Regular monitoring and adherence to treatment are essential to prevent vision loss.